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The Four Temperaments, Philippe Pigouchet, publisher, 1501

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A man with lines connecting various body parts to their humoral elements. Phlegmatics in lower right corner, colics in upper left. Hunting scenes fill right and bottom borders.

The Four Temperaments, Philippe Pigouchet, publisher, 1501

This French woodcut appeared in Ces presentes heures a lusaige de Romme au long sans requerir ont este faictes pour Simon Vostre... (1501). The image illustrates the body parts and their corresponding humoral elements. A phlegmatic person appears in the lower right corner, while a choleric person is in the upper left corner. Older conceptions of the bodily humors, such as this illustration, influenced English scholar and clergyman Thomas Walkington’s analysis of them.

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